1. How did the United States raise an army?Men were required to register with the government under the Selective Service Act in May 1917 and they were randomly selected for the army. There was an eight month training period where the men were put in 17-hour days on target practice, bayonet drill, kitchen duty, and cleaning. Soldiers often drilled with fake weapons since there was a shortage. Also the U.S. had to find a way to transport men, food, and equipment over the ocean. This led to a great demand of U.S. warships.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
They were excited about the war, so they boosted the morale of the allied forces.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
338 Billion$
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?There were 22 million deaths, more than half of them civilians. Also 20 million people were wounded. 10 million more became refugees.
5. Define armistice-a truce
Thursday, December 3, 2009
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
World War I Begins
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
Militarism, world powers spent more money on the mililtary in case of war.
Alliances,All the European powers fought for one sidde or the other and it caused a chainreaction so war broke out over Europe.
Imperialism, nations wanted more land so war broke out
Nationalism, each race wanted there own nation
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI? Because the man who killed the Archduke was Siberian and HUngary wanted to go to war with them because they had a good geographical location.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?The Alliance System caused all the European powers to join the fight
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war? The war didn't threaten the US
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized Citizens had different loyalties depending on their land of desccent. Socialists saw it as an imperialist's war, pacifist were against all types of war, parents do not want their children to be killed.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany Sunk any Allied boats it found, and in one instance killed innocent Americans. The US did nothing.
7. What forced the United States into the war? It saw that Germany was gaining to much power.
Militarism, world powers spent more money on the mililtary in case of war.
Alliances,All the European powers fought for one sidde or the other and it caused a chainreaction so war broke out over Europe.
Imperialism, nations wanted more land so war broke out
Nationalism, each race wanted there own nation
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI? Because the man who killed the Archduke was Siberian and HUngary wanted to go to war with them because they had a good geographical location.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?The Alliance System caused all the European powers to join the fight
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war? The war didn't threaten the US
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized Citizens had different loyalties depending on their land of desccent. Socialists saw it as an imperialist's war, pacifist were against all types of war, parents do not want their children to be killed.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany Sunk any Allied boats it found, and in one instance killed innocent Americans. The US did nothing.
7. What forced the United States into the war? It saw that Germany was gaining to much power.
Monday, November 2, 2009
Imperialsim: The Origins of Global Power
Questions for Introduction and Part I - The Origins of a Global Power
1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
1.) Because they favored bringing the islands officially under U.S. control.
2.) He is sincerely apologetic upon hearing of the rude take over and says that they plan to make all possible reparations.
3.) I agreed in that it was wrong for the U.S. to take over like that, but Cleveland also says that it's the U.S.'s right to help, which isn't true. It is only our right if they ask for help.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?-Population growth, economic expansion, expanded networking, industry boom.
- Population helped with the industrial boom as well as economic expansion because of all the new and available workers out there; while expanded networking (meaning they were broadening their horizon (meaning they had more property world wide) led to a bigger name for the U.S.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
Beacuse it made people begin to realize that the whole nation was bankrupt pretty much, and all thes imigarants were just making it worse, which made people angry at this now expanding nation. The people who held shares in the stock market and those who were terribly poor were affected the most because they had no mney to spend now, beacause things were so expensive
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
-Soulfulness, bravery, pragmatism, ingenuity, individualism, egalitarianism, and partotism.
- Because it was American "character" or in other words, it's right to move west (Manefest Destiny)
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?Because they were interested in trade routes.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?If they took over islands like Hawaii and Cuba because they would provide resources that couldn't be grown in America like pineapple and sugar. they were also good navy outposts.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today? Because the Americans considered themselves better thtn the Filipinos, therefore they deserved to rule over the filipinos.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world? To tkae over whatever we wnated because that was god's plan for America.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations. becasue America believed they were incapable of ruling over those lands, also other imperialist nations were choosing to go after those islands, so America realized they would be very beneficial to America in a number of ways if they could get a hold of them.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response? It was on the bordee of a britsih colony that had lots of gold. Olney said that it was no longer the responisblity of Britain to rule over latin America but America.
1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
1.) Because they favored bringing the islands officially under U.S. control.
2.) He is sincerely apologetic upon hearing of the rude take over and says that they plan to make all possible reparations.
3.) I agreed in that it was wrong for the U.S. to take over like that, but Cleveland also says that it's the U.S.'s right to help, which isn't true. It is only our right if they ask for help.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?-Population growth, economic expansion, expanded networking, industry boom.
- Population helped with the industrial boom as well as economic expansion because of all the new and available workers out there; while expanded networking (meaning they were broadening their horizon (meaning they had more property world wide) led to a bigger name for the U.S.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
Beacuse it made people begin to realize that the whole nation was bankrupt pretty much, and all thes imigarants were just making it worse, which made people angry at this now expanding nation. The people who held shares in the stock market and those who were terribly poor were affected the most because they had no mney to spend now, beacause things were so expensive
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
-Soulfulness, bravery, pragmatism, ingenuity, individualism, egalitarianism, and partotism.
- Because it was American "character" or in other words, it's right to move west (Manefest Destiny)
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?Because they were interested in trade routes.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?If they took over islands like Hawaii and Cuba because they would provide resources that couldn't be grown in America like pineapple and sugar. they were also good navy outposts.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today? Because the Americans considered themselves better thtn the Filipinos, therefore they deserved to rule over the filipinos.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world? To tkae over whatever we wnated because that was god's plan for America.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations. becasue America believed they were incapable of ruling over those lands, also other imperialist nations were choosing to go after those islands, so America realized they would be very beneficial to America in a number of ways if they could get a hold of them.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response? It was on the bordee of a britsih colony that had lots of gold. Olney said that it was no longer the responisblity of Britain to rule over latin America but America.
Spansih American War(1898)
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners- owned land on Hawaii, and were interested in cuba.
2. José Martí-started a revolution
3. Valeriano Weyler-responsible for Cuban concentrtion camps
4. Yellow journalism-made readers angry because it exaggerated bad events to make them even worse.
5. De Lôme letter-A letter written to the presdient expressing angry feelings, and then read to the public and exaggerated through yellow journalism.
6. U.S.S. Maine- a ship belonging to the US which blew up due to engine pressure, but this was blamed on the spanish who were thought to have sabotaged the ship.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba-taken by US
8. Puerto Rico
9. Guam
10. Philippine Islands-there werea lot of revolts led aginst the US, but the US took it over.
1. American business owners- owned land on Hawaii, and were interested in cuba.
2. José Martí-started a revolution
3. Valeriano Weyler-responsible for Cuban concentrtion camps
4. Yellow journalism-made readers angry because it exaggerated bad events to make them even worse.
5. De Lôme letter-A letter written to the presdient expressing angry feelings, and then read to the public and exaggerated through yellow journalism.
6. U.S.S. Maine- a ship belonging to the US which blew up due to engine pressure, but this was blamed on the spanish who were thought to have sabotaged the ship.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba-taken by US
8. Puerto Rico
9. Guam
10. Philippine Islands-there werea lot of revolts led aginst the US, but the US took it over.
U.S. Imperialsim Begins
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
global competition, desire for military strength, want for new markets, belief in cultural superirity, desire for american colonization elsewhere
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
Global Competition: different countries were constantly competing for land
Desire for Military Strength: whomever controlled Hawaii pretty much controlled the entire Pacific Ocean because it was in the middle of the ocean.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
America's purchase of Alaska from Russia was known as Seward's folly because Alaska was believed to have no vvaluable resources.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
Sugar cane. Most American business owners had a monopoly on sugar
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
They wanted the Pacific Islands because, when it came to navy, the country that owned Hawaii would control the entire Pacific Ocean; or so they thought. Hawaii was in the very center of the Pacific, inception communications between the many countries' colonies. Plus trading would be easier for America because it was in the middle.
global competition, desire for military strength, want for new markets, belief in cultural superirity, desire for american colonization elsewhere
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
Global Competition: different countries were constantly competing for land
Desire for Military Strength: whomever controlled Hawaii pretty much controlled the entire Pacific Ocean because it was in the middle of the ocean.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
America's purchase of Alaska from Russia was known as Seward's folly because Alaska was believed to have no vvaluable resources.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
Sugar cane. Most American business owners had a monopoly on sugar
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
They wanted the Pacific Islands because, when it came to navy, the country that owned Hawaii would control the entire Pacific Ocean; or so they thought. Hawaii was in the very center of the Pacific, inception communications between the many countries' colonies. Plus trading would be easier for America because it was in the middle.
Friday, October 16, 2009
Child Labor Reform Photographs
Photograph A-In photograph A, there is a girl standing in some clothes that look old, dirty, and a bit to big for her. she is stahding next to a really big spinner, and looks quite tired and filthy.
Photograph B-In photograph B there are five girls standing next to each other. three of them are sort of smiling, but they don't look very happy. The other two look angry. the one in the middle is looking directly at the camera giving it a sour look. the one on the right of the girl in the middle has bags under her eyes which probably means that she works for long hours. All of their clothes are dirty looking.
Photograph C-In photograph c a young girl is standing in an aisle between to looms. she looks very young; maybe seven or eight. she has a grim look on her face, and her arms are stiffly at her side. the floor of the room is dirty, and a lot of cotton is on the floor, which was probably not very good to breath in.
Photograph D-in photograph D a young boy is standing by a lampost selling newspapers to passerby. The people passing by look a bit like they are ignoring him. he has a hopeful/sad look on his face. he appears to be by a train station. also it is snowing outside, and the boy probably had to work all day.
Photograph E-in photograph many young boys in winter jackets and hats sitting down and sifting through some coal. there are two men standing up holding an iron bar that was used to "prod them in to obedience." the picture has some gray dust in it, which was the coal in the air and we are told by hine that the dust penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys lungs.
Photograph F- in photograph f there are many boys standing in a glass shop. there are a lot of pipes in the background.
Photograph G
Photograph H
Photograph B-In photograph B there are five girls standing next to each other. three of them are sort of smiling, but they don't look very happy. The other two look angry. the one in the middle is looking directly at the camera giving it a sour look. the one on the right of the girl in the middle has bags under her eyes which probably means that she works for long hours. All of their clothes are dirty looking.
Photograph C-In photograph c a young girl is standing in an aisle between to looms. she looks very young; maybe seven or eight. she has a grim look on her face, and her arms are stiffly at her side. the floor of the room is dirty, and a lot of cotton is on the floor, which was probably not very good to breath in.
Photograph D-in photograph D a young boy is standing by a lampost selling newspapers to passerby. The people passing by look a bit like they are ignoring him. he has a hopeful/sad look on his face. he appears to be by a train station. also it is snowing outside, and the boy probably had to work all day.
Photograph E-in photograph many young boys in winter jackets and hats sitting down and sifting through some coal. there are two men standing up holding an iron bar that was used to "prod them in to obedience." the picture has some gray dust in it, which was the coal in the air and we are told by hine that the dust penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys lungs.
Photograph F- in photograph f there are many boys standing in a glass shop. there are a lot of pipes in the background.
Photograph G
Photograph H
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Immigration
1. Describe the causes of the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Some immigrants came to America to get escape hunger, land shortages, and religious and political persecution. Some came to earn money and then go back to their homeland. Most Europeans came to get away from religious persecution. There weren't many occupations available Europe, and so they came to America where there were more opportunities. Many Chinese and Japanese people came to America because they were interested in the gold rush.
2. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.
Most immigrants traveled in steamship, which had poor conditions. They were piled together and couldn't get fresh air. Because of the close quarters between the passengers and the poor hygiene, there were diseases and many passengers died before reaching America.
All of the immigrants had to pass many inspections before being allowed to enter the United States.
At Ellis Island in New York: First they were examined by a doctor. If they had a serious health condition, they were not allowed in. Then the immigrants were inspected by a government inspector who examined their documents. The immigrants had to prove they had never been been convicted of a felony, prove they were able to work, and have at least a small amount of money.
At Angel Island in San Fransisco: Immigrants were harshly questioned and quarantined in horrible conditions for long periods of time before they were accepted or rejected.
Tuesday, September 22, 2009
Big Business and Labor Quiz
Why and with what effect did the 19th century business ideologies of Laissez Faire and Social Darwinism have on laborers?
The ideas of Laissez Faire and Social Darwinism helped big business owners promote their own status, while they fed their own twisted philosophies to the public. Laissez Faire was the belief that things were always to remain at a fixed state because, economically, things should not change. This basically menat that if you were rich, you were rich, but if you were poor then you would always remain like that. Social Darwinism was an idea taken from Darwin's own book, and then twisted to fit the picture economically. This meant that the rich were better suited to the US economical environment better than the poor, and the poor would eventually die out, because the could not "evolve" or "adapt" to better fit into the environment. Big business owners used these to reasons to justify hard labor, long hours, and low pay.
The ideas of Laissez Faire and Social Darwinism helped big business owners promote their own status, while they fed their own twisted philosophies to the public. Laissez Faire was the belief that things were always to remain at a fixed state because, economically, things should not change. This basically menat that if you were rich, you were rich, but if you were poor then you would always remain like that. Social Darwinism was an idea taken from Darwin's own book, and then twisted to fit the picture economically. This meant that the rich were better suited to the US economical environment better than the poor, and the poor would eventually die out, because the could not "evolve" or "adapt" to better fit into the environment. Big business owners used these to reasons to justify hard labor, long hours, and low pay.
Monday, September 21, 2009
Labor Unions & Big Business
The Knights of Labor
a. Identification
Founded in 1860 by Philadelphia garment cutters, was the only major labor union to survive the depression of the 1870s.
b. Significance
The knights of labor were a result of laborers who became tired of strikes, because they had achieved nothing. They worked more to get long team goals accomplished. Their main goal was to make every man his own boss, to eliminate the profit driven capitalism. This union failed because workers became upset with the passive attitude of the union.
the Haymarket riot
a. Identification
A large group of anti-capitalists gathered at the Haymarket Square in downtown Chicago to protest for more workers rights on May 1886.
b. Significance
This riot, which ended in the death of two unionists, was a result of growing hatred of the capitalist United States Government during this time from workers. This has much to do with the belief during this time that the economic climate could not be controlled, so there was no point for Government to regulate worker's rights in any way. This showed how strong the tension had came and how serious the workers were about their beliefs.
the American Federation of Labor
a. Identification
Began in 1886 and was a major worker's union. Main goal was to fight for immediate rights, no long term goals.
b. Significance
This union's formation was most like due to the failure of the Knights of Labor. The Knights of Labor focused on long term goals. When the Knights failed, many workers were bitter and felt that working for more rights immediately was the best way to go. This, added to the mistreatment of workers at this time by their bosses, led to the formation of this federation.
Samuel Gompers
a. Identification
An immigrant who headed the AFL in the late 1880s.
b. Significance
Gompers had a passion for workers rights that led to his fight for worker's rights through the AFL. He believed strongly in his cause, and this passion helped him lead the AFL to becoming 2.5 million people.
the Homestead strike
a. Identification
A strike that took place in July 1892. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steelworkers went on strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania because of pay cuts.
b. Significance
This strike was likely due to the frustration of the lack of results from the efforts of the AFL. When the workers continued to work hard for nothing, they became extremely upset, and violent. This event hurt the AFL and all unions because it made the public opinion on unions darken.
the Pullman strike
a. Identification
The workers started a strike that took place in George Pullman's "model town" due to wage cuts in 1894.
b. Significance
The Pullman strike was a result of George Pullman's policy of not hearing the concerns of his workers in regards to their wage cuts. The workers banded together and fought for their rights in a very intelligent way that showed the determination of the workers to get rights.
Eugene V. Debs
a. Identification
Refused to handle Pullman cars in support of strikers in pullman strike
b. Significance
His refusal to follow the laws and handle the cars both showed how far the workers were away from getting the rights they wanted but also showed how hard they were willing to work for those rights.
the Industrial Workers of the World
a. Identification
A group like the Knights of Labor except a lot more radical. They banded together in the west in 1905.
b. Significance
The IWW was a lot different than a lot of other union groups that had come before them because they were a lot more violent. This is most likely because of the years of failure and frustration in trying to get rights that they were continually denied.
a. Identification
Founded in 1860 by Philadelphia garment cutters, was the only major labor union to survive the depression of the 1870s.
b. Significance
The knights of labor were a result of laborers who became tired of strikes, because they had achieved nothing. They worked more to get long team goals accomplished. Their main goal was to make every man his own boss, to eliminate the profit driven capitalism. This union failed because workers became upset with the passive attitude of the union.
the Haymarket riot
a. Identification
A large group of anti-capitalists gathered at the Haymarket Square in downtown Chicago to protest for more workers rights on May 1886.
b. Significance
This riot, which ended in the death of two unionists, was a result of growing hatred of the capitalist United States Government during this time from workers. This has much to do with the belief during this time that the economic climate could not be controlled, so there was no point for Government to regulate worker's rights in any way. This showed how strong the tension had came and how serious the workers were about their beliefs.
the American Federation of Labor
a. Identification
Began in 1886 and was a major worker's union. Main goal was to fight for immediate rights, no long term goals.
b. Significance
This union's formation was most like due to the failure of the Knights of Labor. The Knights of Labor focused on long term goals. When the Knights failed, many workers were bitter and felt that working for more rights immediately was the best way to go. This, added to the mistreatment of workers at this time by their bosses, led to the formation of this federation.
Samuel Gompers
a. Identification
An immigrant who headed the AFL in the late 1880s.
b. Significance
Gompers had a passion for workers rights that led to his fight for worker's rights through the AFL. He believed strongly in his cause, and this passion helped him lead the AFL to becoming 2.5 million people.
the Homestead strike
a. Identification
A strike that took place in July 1892. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steelworkers went on strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania because of pay cuts.
b. Significance
This strike was likely due to the frustration of the lack of results from the efforts of the AFL. When the workers continued to work hard for nothing, they became extremely upset, and violent. This event hurt the AFL and all unions because it made the public opinion on unions darken.
the Pullman strike
a. Identification
The workers started a strike that took place in George Pullman's "model town" due to wage cuts in 1894.
b. Significance
The Pullman strike was a result of George Pullman's policy of not hearing the concerns of his workers in regards to their wage cuts. The workers banded together and fought for their rights in a very intelligent way that showed the determination of the workers to get rights.
Eugene V. Debs
a. Identification
Refused to handle Pullman cars in support of strikers in pullman strike
b. Significance
His refusal to follow the laws and handle the cars both showed how far the workers were away from getting the rights they wanted but also showed how hard they were willing to work for those rights.
the Industrial Workers of the World
a. Identification
A group like the Knights of Labor except a lot more radical. They banded together in the west in 1905.
b. Significance
The IWW was a lot different than a lot of other union groups that had come before them because they were a lot more violent. This is most likely because of the years of failure and frustration in trying to get rights that they were continually denied.
14-3 Terms
Andrew Carnegie-Was a poor boy from Scotland who became a secretary at eighteen. He relayed messages singlehandedly and was rewarded with the chance to buy stock. He recieved his first dividened soon after.
Social Darwinism-Social darwinism was taken from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The belief of natural selection was used to say that some species were more suited to an environment, and therefore more suited to carry on in that environment. This was used o show that rich would oneday eventually take over, and all the poor people would die out.
John D. Rockefeller- established the standard oil company. He used trust to gain control of people.
Sherman Antitrust Act-made it illeagel to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other countries.
Samuel Gompers- led the Cigar Maker's International union to join with other unions in 1886.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)-With gompers as its president, it focused on negotiation, trying to get companies to resent better wages. Strikes were the main tactic used by them.
Eugene V. Debs-Attempted to form an association just for railroad workers. in 1894, they won a strike for higher wages. it failed after a major strike, but it added momentum to Union organizing.
Industrial Workers of the World-In 1905 a group of radicalists and socialists in Chicago oraganized industrial workers of the world, or wobblies. they too failed after a major strike, but they gave unskilled workers a sense of dignity.
Mary Harris Jones-She helped the Knights of Labor, and supported the Great Strike of 1877. She led 80 mill chilldren to Presidne Roosevelt's home. This influenced child labor laws.
Social Darwinism-Social darwinism was taken from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The belief of natural selection was used to say that some species were more suited to an environment, and therefore more suited to carry on in that environment. This was used o show that rich would oneday eventually take over, and all the poor people would die out.
John D. Rockefeller- established the standard oil company. He used trust to gain control of people.
Sherman Antitrust Act-made it illeagel to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other countries.
Samuel Gompers- led the Cigar Maker's International union to join with other unions in 1886.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)-With gompers as its president, it focused on negotiation, trying to get companies to resent better wages. Strikes were the main tactic used by them.
Eugene V. Debs-Attempted to form an association just for railroad workers. in 1894, they won a strike for higher wages. it failed after a major strike, but it added momentum to Union organizing.
Industrial Workers of the World-In 1905 a group of radicalists and socialists in Chicago oraganized industrial workers of the world, or wobblies. they too failed after a major strike, but they gave unskilled workers a sense of dignity.
Mary Harris Jones-She helped the Knights of Labor, and supported the Great Strike of 1877. She led 80 mill chilldren to Presidne Roosevelt's home. This influenced child labor laws.
Railroad Development
The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?
Railroads made it possible to expand out west, however, the creation of railroads led to corruption in the nation. The American government realized that expansion out west was necessary, but many lives were sacrificed on the way to expanding America. Businesses would profit from the demand of coal, steel, glass, and iron, which railroads needed. New markets and businesses would be created from the new towns out west. Railroads promoted trade and interdependence.
Railroads made it possible to expand out west, however, the creation of railroads led to corruption in the nation. The American government realized that expansion out west was necessary, but many lives were sacrificed on the way to expanding America. Businesses would profit from the demand of coal, steel, glass, and iron, which railroads needed. New markets and businesses would be created from the new towns out west. Railroads promoted trade and interdependence.
Expansion of Industry
What were the three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the
The three major factors that contributed to the technological boom were natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets. For natural resources, Patillo Higgins found oil at Spindletop, Texas. Natural resources like oil and steel fueled the technological boom because inventions were made from them. For instance, oil was distilled into kerosene, which was used for oil lamps. Soon after gasoline was used for automobiles. the second reason technology was greatly expanded was from creative ideas. Natural resources can't do much in their original state; so creative minds helped shape inventions from the raw material. For example, the steel made it possible to build great structures such as the Brooklyn Bridge. Also, railroads and transportation were greatly expanded because of the Bessemer steel process.
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
1. What are some of the main reasons that the federal government's policy of assimilation failed?
One reason was that the native Americans had not settled down to "improve" the land,while white settlers made new railroads and starting new businesses. Also the Natives were herded further because of gold rushes. The government modified the location of where the Native Americans would be able to stay and hunt. Also, many white people did not believe Native Americans could become "civilized".
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
The railroads connected the east and west coast, so families could move to the great plains much easier via the train. Since the land was free, farms became plentiful on the great plains.
I think the fact the railroad was there provided families a much easier journey, and probably persuaded many to go to the great plains.
One reason was that the native Americans had not settled down to "improve" the land,while white settlers made new railroads and starting new businesses. Also the Natives were herded further because of gold rushes. The government modified the location of where the Native Americans would be able to stay and hunt. Also, many white people did not believe Native Americans could become "civilized".
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
The railroads connected the east and west coast, so families could move to the great plains much easier via the train. Since the land was free, farms became plentiful on the great plains.
I think the fact the railroad was there provided families a much easier journey, and probably persuaded many to go to the great plains.
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